There are two types of inquiries that a company may make into your credit record,i.e. “‘hard inquiry” or “soft inquiry”.

If a company makes a  hard inquiry into your credit record,it will damage your credit score temporarily.Your credit score may be damaged only by a hard inquiry while a soft inquiry does not affect your credit score.

If you are planning to get a mortgage or you need a car loan then in this situation even a few points difference in your credit score cannot be ignored and this small difference in your credit score may magnify into a considerably big change. So we need to know that how can we decide whether the inquiry is going to be “hard” or “soft”?

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If you want to improve your credit score, you need to go right to the source – your credit report.  Your credit report contains the information and data on which your credit score is based.  If you can alter or update the information in your credit report, your credit score will change to reflect the alterations.  For this reason, getting and checking you credit report is one of the first things you should do when you attempt to repair your credit score.  There are a few tips that can help you deal with your credit report so that you can give your credit score a boost:

Dispute errors on your credit report

Contact each of the three major credit bureaus -  TransUnion, Equifax, and Experian – and get copies of your credit reports and credit scores.  Carefully read over the reports and note any errors.  In writing, contact the credit bureaus and ask that mistakes be removed or investigated.

This is called a dispute letter and once it is received, credit bureaus have to investigate your dispute within thirty days of receiving your letter.  It is important to keep a copy of your letter and it is important to note the date the letter was sent.  You should not be accusatory or abusive in your letter – calmly and clearly state the problem and request an investigation.

Note that you are aware the agency is required to investigate the claim within thirty days and note that you will follow up.  Be sure that you do follow up with the issues you raised in your letter – just because the agency investigates does not always mean that your credit report will end up error-free.

Many credit bureaus now make it possible for you to correct errors on your credit report online – and many have information on their web sites that tells you exactly how disputes must be handled to be effectively removed.  It is important that you follow this information exactly so that the inaccuracies on your credit report are removed promptly and your credit score is updated as soon as possible.

Add a note to your credit report if there is a problem you can’t resolve

Sometimes, there are legitimate reasons why you didn’t pay a bill.  If a contractor refused to finish a job or did a poor job, then you may have refused payment, but the non-payment may still count against you on your credit report.  If there are any unusual circumstances surrounding your credit report that may affect your credit rating – such as a case of identity theft – you can ask that a note be attached to your credit report to explain the problem.

Some lenders will pay attention to this and some will not, but it is a better solution than nothing at all.  Such a note will not affect your credit score but will affect your credit report. More importantly, it leaves a paper trail of the problem that lenders can look at if they choose.

Make sure you know who is looking at your credit report and why

Many inquiries look bad on your credit report, but more than that you likely want to know who can see your personal financial information, now that you know that your personal information is stored in a credit report.  If you sign a document with a lender or apply for credit online, you can be sure that someone is looking at your credit report.

However, you may want to look over other documents in order to see who is taking a peek.  Insurance agents will often look at your credit report, for example.  Some landlords and potential employers will, too.  You need to be careful about online sources, too.  In general, when you provide someone with your social insurance number, you may be giving permission to look at your credit report.  You shouldn’t bar people from looking, but knowing who is looking is good financial practice.

Know the difference between soft and hard inquiries

When you pull your credit report to look at it, it is counted as a “soft inquiry.”  Only “hard inquiries” from lenders will affect your credit score dramatically.  Although checking your credit score too often is an expensive habit, you should not avoid checking your credit report because you fear it will make your credit rating worse.

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Before you start boosting your credit score, you need to know the basics. You need to know what a credit score is, how it is developed, and why it is important to you in your everyday life.

Lenders certainly know what sort of information they can get from a credit score, but knowing this information yourself can help you better see how your everyday financial decisions impact the financial picture lenders get of you through your credit score. A few simple tips are all you need to know to understand the basic principles:

Understand where credit scores come from.

If you are going to improve your credit score, then logic has it that you must understand what your credit score is and how it works. Without this information, you won’t be able to very effectively improve your score because you won’t understand how the things you do in daily life affect your score.

If you don’t understand how your credit score works, you will also be at the mercy of any company that tries to tell you how you can improve your score – on their terms and at their price.

In general, your credit score is a number that lets lenders know how much of a credit risk you are. The credit score is a number, usually between 300 and 850, that lets lenders know how well you are paying off your debts and how much of a credit risk you are.

In general, the higher your credit score, the better credit risk you make and the more likely you are to be given credit at great rates. Scores in the low 600s and below will often give you trouble in finding credit, while scores of 720 and above will generally give you the best interest rates out there. However, credit scores are a lot like GPAs or SAT scores from college days – while they give others a quick snapshot of how you are doing, they are interpreted by people in different ways. Some lenders put more emphasis on credit scores than others.

Some lenders will work with you if you have credit scores in the 600s, while others offer their best rates only to those creditors with very high scores indeed. Some lenders will look at your entire credit report while others will accept or reject your loan application based solely on your credit score.

The credit score is based on your credit report, which contains a history of your past debts and repayments. Credit bureaus use computers and mathematical calculations to arrive at a credit score from the information contained in your credit report.

Each credit bureau uses different methods to do this (which is why you will have different scores with different companies) but most credit bureaus use the FICO system. FICO is an acronym for the credit score calculating software offered by Fair Isaac Corporation company. This is by far the most used software since the Fair Isaac Corporation developed the credit score model used by many in the financial industry and is still considered one of the leaders in the field.

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Those who applied for loans or mortgage recently knows that unless their credit history is as clean as glass, it is very hard to borrow any money. Even people with perfect credit scores are being turned down by banks and lending institutions. Banker has tightened lending standards due to two reasons, first being a large number of customer defaults and second because there is simply not enough money out there for banks to borrow.

These difficult times call for extreme caution and it is very important to check your credit score regularly and monitor all those transactions that go into your credit reports. we should also take good are that we do not engage in behaviors that that triggers a chain of events that eventually will throw us against higher interest rates, reduced credit limits and eventually non availability of credit. Lower credit scores on credit reports can do exactly that.

Preventive Measures

You should check your credit report and credit scores regularly. Three major credit rating agencies called credit bureaus are EquiFax, Experian and TransUnion. All of them track individual’s credit history and compile detailed credit reports that reflect great deal about your credit behavior. Each of them have a separate formulae (a very secret one) to calculate a three digit number called credit score. these credit scores and detailed credit report help lending institutions and banks to decide the level of credit risk they indulge there self in before they lend you any money.

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A Free credit report like paid credit report contains information regarding your credit history. This data is collected by a credit reporting agency. These credit reporting agencies then sell this information to credit providers like banks and lending institutions and of course the credit card companies.

Your Credit report consists of following components. although  formatting is done by each credit reporting agency differently.

1. Your Present and Past Addresses
2. Total outstanding debts
3. Record of payments (e.g regular, late, missed, collection etc.)
4. Public record information like liens or court judgment and decrees against you
5. Your Employer;s name and address
6. General data like your social security number, marital status, age group etc..

It is a wise thing to keep track of your credit history. Checking your credit report every six months will keep you updated on your financial standing as well as It will give you a lender’s perspective of your credit worthiness. It is also a good way to stay informed on how your credit transactions have been recorded by credit report providing agencies. A typical credit report will also cover one of the following areas:

Credit Fraud: 

Credit Fraud happens all the time. Its when some one uses your credit card to go on a spending spree. US Laws protect from transactions made on a stolen card. You maximum liability on such transactions never exceed $50. These kind of unusual credit activities might red flag your credit report for some of the lenders.

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